In the early 15th century, the architect Filippo Brunelleschi, having studied the remains of Classical buildings in Rome, had created two churches, San Lorenzo's and Santo Spirito, which embodied the Classical precepts. The Renaissance, a renewal of Classical scholarship and the arts, had its first flowering in Florence. Art was sponsored by the Signoria (the town council), the merchant guilds, and wealthy patrons such as the Medici and their banking associates. The city of Florence was at that time Italy's greatest centre of the arts and learning. He showed no interest in his schooling, preferring to copy paintings from churches and seek the company of other painters. Apprenticeships, 1488–1492 The Madonna of the Stairs (1490–1492), Michelangelo's earliest known work in marbleĪs a young boy, Michelangelo was sent to Florence to study grammar under the Humanist Francesco da Urbino. Along with the milk of my nurse I received the knack of handling chisel and hammer, with which I make my figures. If there is some good in me, it is because I was born in the subtle atmosphere of your country of Arezzo. During his mother's later prolonged illness, and after her death in 1481 (when he was six years old), Michelangelo lived with a nanny and her husband, a stonecutter, in the town of Settignano, where his father owned a marble quarry and a small farm. Several months after Michelangelo's birth, the family returned to Florence, where he was raised. The Buonarrotis claimed to descend from the Countess Matilde di Canossa-a claim that remains unproven, but which Michelangelo believed. Michelangelo's mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena. At the time of Michelangelo's birth, his father was the town's judicial administrator and podestà or local administrator of Chiusi della Verna. For several generations, his family had been small-scale bankers in Florence but the bank failed, and his father, Ludovico di Leonardo Buonarroti Simoni, briefly took a government post in Caprese, where Michelangelo was born. Michelangelo was born on 6 March 1475 in Caprese, known today as Caprese Michelangelo, a small town situated in Valtiberina, near Arezzo, Tuscany. Attempts by subsequent artists to imitate the expressive physicality of Michelangelo's style contributed to the rise of Mannerism, a short-lived movement in Western art following the High Renaissance. His contemporaries often admired his terribilità-his ability to instill a sense of awe in viewers of his art. In his lifetime, Michelangelo was often called Il Divino ("the divine one"). One of them, by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that Michelangelo's work transcended that of any artist living or dead, and was "supreme in not one art alone but in all three." In fact, three biographies were published during his lifetime. Michelangelo was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive. Michelangelo transformed the plan so that the western end was finished to his design, as was the dome, with some modification, after his death. At the age of 71, he succeeded Antonio da Sangallo the Younger as the architect of St. His design of the Laurentian Library pioneered Mannerist architecture. Although he did not consider himself a painter, Michelangelo created two of the most influential frescoes in the history of Western art: the scenes from Genesis on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and The Last Judgment on its altar wall. Michelangelo achieved fame early two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before the age of thirty. He was lauded by contemporary biographers as the most accomplished artist of his era. Given the sheer volume of surviving correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences, Michelangelo is one of the best-documented artists of the 16th century. Michelangelo's creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and elder contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni ( Italian: 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo ( English: / ˌ m aɪ k əl ˈ æ n dʒ ə l oʊ, ˌ m ɪ k-/ ), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance.
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